Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men - Paperback

by Caroline Criado Perez (Author)

The landmark, prize-winning, international bestselling examination of how a gender gap in data perpetuates bias and disadvantages women.

#1 International Bestseller * Winner of the Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award * Winner of the Royal Society Science Book Prize

Data is fundamental to the modern world. From economic development to health care to education and public policy, we rely on numbers to allocate resources and make crucial decisions. But because so much data fails to take into account gender, because it treats men as the default and women as atypical, bias and discrimination are baked into our systems.

And women pay tremendous costs for this insidious bias: in time, in money, and often with their lives.

Celebrated feminist advocate Caroline Criado Perez investigates this shocking root cause of gender inequality in Invisible Women. Examining the home, the workplace, the public square, the doctor's office, and more, Criado Perez unearths a dangerous pattern in data and its consequences on women's lives.

Product designers use a "one-size-fits-all" approach to everything from pianos to cell phones to voice recognition software, when in fact this approach is designed to fit men. Cities prioritize men's needs when designing public transportation, roads, and even snow removal, neglecting to consider women's safety or unique responsibilities and travel patterns. And in medical research, women have largely been excluded from studies and textbooks, leaving them chronically misunderstood, mistreated, and misdiagnosed.

Built on hundreds of studies in the United States, in the United Kingdom, and around the world, and written with energy, wit, and sparkling intelligence, this is a groundbreaking, highly readable exposé that will change the way you look at the world.

Author Biography

Caroline Criado Perez, OBE, is the author of the #1 international bestseller Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. In 2025, she was named the inaugural winner of the Unwin Award for her global impact on policy and data ethics. Her work, which won the Royal Society Science Book Prize and the FT Business Book of the Year, has transformed how we understand gender bias in medical research, urban planning, and AI.

A world-renowned campaigner and journalist, Caroline led the historic efforts to put Jane Austen on the British £10 note and to erect the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square. She is a graduate of the University of Oxford and the LSE and publishes the popular weekly newsletter Invisible Women.

Key Achievements:

• Global Influence: Translated into 30+ languages; used by global policymakers and engineers to close the gender data gap.
• Public Honors: Appointed an OBE for services to rights and equality.
• Expertise: Leading voice in UX, systemic design, and feminist advocacy.